Leopard Sharks

Project Overview.

Leopard sharks (Stegostoma tigrinum, formally S. fasciatum), also known as zebra sharks, are found through the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. In 2016 the species was reclassified as globally Endangered on the IUCN Red List as a consequence of heavy fisheries throughout much of their range. This harmless species has now completely disappeared from large areas in their broad distribution.

Leopard Shark Conservation

Extensive fishing pressure, coupled with low reproductive rates, has led to steep population declines in leopard sharks, with the Indian Ocean-Southeast Asian subpopulation suspected to have been halved by overfishing. Leopard sharks choose to aggregate in specific areas which, when targeted by unsustainable fisheries, can quickly lead to local extinctions. 

Research Needs for Leopard Sharks

So far, studies on leopard sharks have mostly focused on Australia and Thailand. The Indian Ocean, in particular the eastern coast of Africa, has been highlighted as a data deficient area. Knowledge of the distribution and population status of leopard sharks in this region is vital for the effective management and protection of remaining populations. 

Leopard Sharks in Mozambique

Leopard sharks are commonly seen in southern Mozambique with several aggregation sites noted along the Inhambane coastline. Inshore reefs in this region appear to be important habitats for this bottom-dwelling shark but focused research is needed to understand more about local populations and their most significant threats in the area.

Objectives.

We plan to expand our monitoring efforts across all sites where these sharks are commonly encountered, with a focus on exploring new areas in Zavora, Morrungulo, Pomene, and the Bazaruto Seascape.

The use of advanced telemetry techniques also allows us to remotely study leopard shark movements and habitat use through the year to identify their most important habitats along the Inhambane coastline. We are also investigating leopard shark genetic connectivity through the Indian Ocean collecting samples for biochemical diet and movement assessment.